Introduction
It is neurodegenerative disease. The dopamine levels within the brain reduces which leads to the impairment of motor function. The reason behind the cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknow, though genetic and environmental factors are expected to be the reason behind Parkinson’s disease.
Symptoms
· Involuntary movements
· Slow movement
· Stiff and inflexible muscles
· Depression
· Anxiety
· Loss of memory
· Insomnia
Treatment
· By using medicines
· Brain surgery
Medications used in PD
Carbidopa-Levodopa therapy: Tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity is caused because of the less dopamine levels in the body. This can be treated by administrating the carbidopa and levodopa into the body.
Carbidopa
Levodopa
Dopamine agonists: These are not as effective as carbidopa and levodopa. However they are lesser side effects
Pramipexole
Ropinirole
Rotigotine
Apomorphine
Bromocriptine
Cabergoline
Pergolide
MAO-B inhibitors: MAO-B enzyme is involved in the degradation of dopamine in the brain. The role of the inhibitor is to block the enzyme, so that the dopamine levels in the brain get maintained.
Selegiline
Rasagiline
Safinamide
COMT inhibitors: COMT is a inhibitor involved in the degradation of neurotransmitters in the brain. By giving in combination with carbidopa-levodopa, COMT inhibitors will slow down the degradation of dopamine in the brain
Entacapone
Tolcapone
Opicapone